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Ciphers |
SECRET CODES
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LETTER FREQUENCIES  The bar charts above show the frequency of use of letters in the English language. Refer to these charts in the next 3 assignments. These 3 pages are titled Hieroglyphs, Enigma, and Quote. Below is a frequency analyzer. It will make a histogram out of any text you paste into its text area. You can try it out with the current paragraph, or with some of the quotes from the Comments below, or Google some quotes, or try out your own exquisite prose. Drag the mouse to hilite the text. Press CTRL+C to copy it. Click in text area below. Press CTRL+A to hilite text area. Press CTRL+V to paste this text. (On a Mac, use COMMAND+C and COMMAND+V.) Click the ANALYZE TEXT button. Compare this new chart to the charts at the top of the page. Notice that letters E and T are, as usual, used most frequently. Notice that the letter C is used slightly more frequently than usual. |
QUOTE OF THE DAYDIRECTIONS
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THE DANCING MENSometimes, secret ciphers are written with strange symbols — almost as strange to us as Egyptian hieroglyphics. Nevertheless, counting frequencies may be the key to cracking the code. If you read "The Adventure of the Dancing Men" by Arthur Conan Doyle, then you will know how Sherlock Holmes uses letter frequencies to solve a murder mystery. 
From this fragment, Holmes could guess which glyphs represented E and which represented T. Can you? A few fragments later, and Holmes knew enough to write the unknown killer a message using the killer's own secret code. What does it say? 
You can always read the story. 
A SECRET CODE
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Punch secret code into tablet above. When tablet fills, click CLEAR GLYPHS button and continue till all glyphs are copied to text area. If you leave out a letter, you can edit your text later, but you can only delete glyphs with the BACK SPACE button. Copy the secret message written in Latin letters to the text area in the bar graph below. From there you can decipher the message for 5 points using your knowledge of letter frequencies.
THE ENIGMA CODEThe Enigma machine was a cipher machine used to encrypt and decrypt secret messages. The Enigma was used commercially after World War I, and was adopted by the military and governmental services of a number of nations — most famously by Nazi Germany before and during World War II. The German military model, the Wehrmacht Enigma, is the version most commonly discussed. The machine has gained notoriety because Allied cryptologists were able to decrypt a large number of messages that had been enciphered on the machine. Decryption was made possible by Polish cryptographers Marian Rejewski, Jerzy Rozycki and Henryk Zygalski from the Polish Cipher Bureau. Just before World War II reconstruction and decryption methods were delivered from Poland to Britain and France. The intelligence gained through this source, codenamed ULTRA, was a significant aid to the Allied war effort. The exact influence of ULTRA is debated, but a typical assessment is that the end of the European war was hastened by two years because of the decryption of German ciphers. 
Hilite and copy the secret code below into the pink box above. Be careful to copy exactly. Check first and last letters to be sure. You will need to guess the secret keyword to decode the message. Hint: the keyword is one of the words in the previous paragraph. VYCOX BOXMP GQREY GCXNC RSOHD TKGFT KNSRC WPRVB LQTWN ZFZTU GIAGR OTBJQ DTJVP RKXHX QXVTO TIJUR ETLNZ YEOLR ZIDYO POYQU HLHQE FKBXF IZAAS CQCWR TKNCF RAKDN CIXXS OTUZL HWQCU MEMSJ QBNGX YGQKX EWZRR NGEEF QEDOS XEMTU XRNQQ TKJOT EHGSW BRXCN AHVRO VJQPR RXHBY QZBVW KBWYB HIYCY OICQP RXXSU KIMPU CQDVD DKSFR NSGHL TZLVS KUILS GARTQ GXSHN VZVLV DCEXB BZOKA GFDDQ UCASH NVZLL LIORA WMNKE IVTEQ KJXIA SFMEG ZMFPQ KDLHF TOBTS ENPXS BGILS HLHQV YCOFO IYICL DYCJX VTWTV DOUSK QIGTM MFSER HYJGQ YAEWK UZRYC GVFJD ZWYKS ODIIG QYQES FKOOK ITTPN ISOFC AGNIQ PLKQX FFFFO TIJUR ETLNZ YAIGL RFQZT XBFVN RPTYG ICSSC TQTWL DDCTF XGSFU ERYCG VZMCS KGJZB HHVBG MHLWH CEOIC QRFJX LVFTR NWXFI IYEAS XJZBH VZCEX GXXKN SZPDA GIXNS FUQYR RMQCE BOAST IYZGD PIRJH DWFWR DTDKJ VXEHZ OJHOJ MGJVP OUIXV AJGNL UKXQX TUIEO DSINU XLTFF ZIOYI TQEQI KIIKI DUDRP UXSXQ XPPIP SEBDC IACJJ ZLLVV BUCAB JKIES GJIQD XEHZG EDOAS QDIGI TWTQA CKDWT RLRXN ZYEOP RKGCJ XZSTT EONEZ PVBOM VXFUV ODKJZ QOLCA ICTGG FFVLP FSJQU AAVRB NYHSO FJIVU MWKTY CMNGZ DOASQ VYCOT ZRZES GARTQ CUYCX KZIOI QGOYR MNOEF ABIEE VXDYN ACTGH DZUQB TUOZV DOIYK BRXIR DOTAA GEJUV QHFST KZXZD KJRRO MVKQE CKDFH QRWXN KLRDW IRPQU PKNCR SOOEJ VVLTW NHPZI DSQAV YGLNH VCPBW VBFDO MVKQD TJVPR KGDGN UWZVL VDCEX RBDNV RHGDQ P.S. The code above resembles more closely the output from the Hagelin Cipher Machine used by the US in WW II. 
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Comments:
From wHolt - 11/10/08 11:16 PM
From wHolt - 11/10/08 11:16 PM
We the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.
From wHolt - 11/10/08 11:15 PM
Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.
From wHolt - 11/10/08 11:15 PM
AKA AME KA MANO
O Aka he menehune uuku
I kekahi la ua luu o Aka,
Ua nahu ka mano i kona manamana wawae nui.
Alaila ua huhu ba ka mano,
No ka mea ua pololi ba oia.
Ua huhu pu no ka menehune,
No ka mea he hoaloha o Aka no lakou.
Nolaila haha lakou i hinai kaoli,
A ua hoopiha ia me ka maunu.
Me keia ua paa ia lakou ka mano.
Ua huki ia iluna o ke one e make.
Ua hoike mai na iwi keokeo
“Mai hoopa I ka menehune.”
From Where the Red Lehua Grows
by Jane Comstock Clarke
(Honolulu Bulletin, Ltd., 1943)
Comment on this Page
Last Modified 11/11/08 7:07 AM
Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.
But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate -- we can not consecrate -- we can not hallow -- this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us -- that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion -- that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain -- that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom -- and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.